{"id":17846,"date":"2026-09-11T11:07:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T04:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/?p=17846"},"modified":"2026-09-11T11:07:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T04:07:35","slug":"berhad-vs-sdn-bhd-in-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/berhad-vs-sdn-bhd-in-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"Berhad vs Sdn Bhd in Malaysia: Which Company Structure Fits?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Berhad vs Sdn Bhd in Malaysia<\/strong> is a comparison between a public company and a private company under the Companies Act 2016. This guide focuses on companies limited by shares, the structure relevant to many operating businesses and foreign investors.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #f8f9fa; border-left: 4px solid #223666; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 24px 0;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 10px 0; color: #223666;\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.8;\">\n<li>Sdn Bhd is a private company. Berhad, or Bhd, is a public company under Malaysia&#8217;s Companies Act 2016.<\/li>\n<li>A private company is subject to a 50-shareholder limit under Section 42, with specific counting rules for joint holders and qualifying employee shareholders.<\/li>\n<li>Section 43 restricts a private company from offering shares or debentures to the public, while Section 43(3) sets out statutory exceptions.<\/li>\n<li>A private company needs at least one director who ordinarily resides in Malaysia. A public company needs at least two.<\/li>\n<li>Berhad status does not mean a company is listed on Bursa Malaysia. Malaysia also has unlisted public companies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Is the Difference Between Berhad and Sdn Bhd in Malaysia?<\/h2>\n<p>Berhad and Sdn Bhd represent different company statuses under Malaysian law. Company size does not determine the status. Ownership structure, fundraising plans, governance requirements, and compliance obligations provide a better basis for the decision.<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Area<\/th>\n<th>Sdn Bhd<\/th>\n<th>Berhad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal status<\/td>\n<td>Private company<\/td>\n<td>Public company<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Name ending<\/td>\n<td>Sendirian Berhad or Sdn Bhd<\/td>\n<td>Berhad or Bhd, subject to limited statutory naming exceptions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Shareholder limit<\/td>\n<td>Maximum 50 shareholders, subject to Section 42 counting rules<\/td>\n<td>Not subject to the private-company 50-shareholder cap<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minimum directors ordinarily resident in Malaysia<\/td>\n<td>At least 1<\/td>\n<td>At least 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Public offering<\/td>\n<td>Restricted under Section 43, subject to statutory exceptions<\/td>\n<td>May pursue an offering subject to applicable company and securities laws<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Member resolutions<\/td>\n<td>Written resolutions or meetings, subject to statutory exceptions<\/td>\n<td>Member resolutions are passed at meetings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual general meeting<\/td>\n<td>No equivalent general statutory AGM requirement for an ordinary private company<\/td>\n<td>Required under Section 340, subject to its timing rules and first-AGM exception<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Audit exemption<\/td>\n<td>May apply if Practice Directive No. 10\/2024 criteria and conditions are satisfied<\/td>\n<td>Not eligible under the private-company audit-exemption framework<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SSM annual return fee<\/td>\n<td>RM150<\/td>\n<td>RM500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Practical fit<\/td>\n<td>Privately held operating companies, subsidiaries, startups, SMEs, and many foreign-owned businesses<\/td>\n<td>Businesses with a defined need for public-company status or a regulated public-capital route<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>A Sdn Bhd can grow into a large operating company while remaining private. Berhad becomes relevant once the ownership or capital strategy creates a concrete reason to use public-company status.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #d5e6e5; border: 2px solid #223666; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px 24px; margin: 32px 0; text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #223666; text-align: center;\">Choosing between Sdn Bhd and Berhad before incorporation?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; color: #333; text-align: center;\">Review the ownership and funding plan before committing to a company status.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #223666; color: #fff; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/my\/\">Review Malaysia Setup Options<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #25D366; color: #fff; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/6285286124490?text=Hello%21%20I%20would%20like%20to%20compare%20Sdn%20Bhd%20and%20Berhad%20for%20my%20Malaysia%20business.%0A%0ASource%3A%20article%20%22Berhad%20vs%20Sdn%20Bhd%20in%20Malaysia%3A%20Which%20Company%20Structure%20Fits%3F%22%20%28SEO%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Discuss Your Company Structure<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Laws Govern Sdn Bhd and Berhad in Malaysia?<\/h2>\n<p>Sdn Bhd and Berhad are governed primarily by Malaysia&#8217;s Companies Act 2016, read together with later amendments, subsidiary legislation, SSM directives, and applicable securities regulation.<\/p>\n<p>Several provisions are especially relevant to this comparison:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sections 25, 42, and 43:<\/strong> company naming, private-company conditions, shareholder limits, share-transfer restrictions, and public-offer restrictions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 196:<\/strong> minimum director requirements and the requirement for the statutory minimum directors to ordinarily reside in Malaysia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sections 290 and 297:<\/strong> member resolutions and limits on the private-company written-resolution procedure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 340:<\/strong> annual general meetings for public companies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 41:<\/strong> conversion between private-company and public-company status.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This article also applies SSM Practice Directive No. 10\/2024 for private-company audit exemption and the Securities Commission Malaysia framework where public fundraising becomes relevant.<\/p>\n<p>The broader incorporation requirements belong in our <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/what-is-a-sdn-bhd-in-malaysia\/\">detailed guide to Sdn Bhd in Malaysia<\/a>. Keeping the topics separate makes it easier to compare company status without repeating the full registration process.<\/p>\n<h2>Does Berhad Mean a Company Is Listed on Bursa Malaysia?<\/h2>\n<p>No. Berhad identifies a public company. Admission to Bursa Malaysia follows a separate regulatory and listing process.<\/p>\n<p>Malaysia therefore has public companies whose shares are not listed on a stock exchange. The Securities Commission Malaysia&#8217;s 2025 Guidelines on Offer of Shares by Unlisted Public Companies expressly regulate this category.<\/p>\n<p>The Guidelines define an unlisted public company within their scope as a public company whose shares are not listed and which is not seeking listing on a stock exchange.<\/p>\n<p>A business considering Berhad status should identify its intended capital route first. An unlisted public offer, a private financing round, and a Bursa listing can involve different regulatory requirements.<\/p>\n<h2>How Do Shareholder and Director Requirements Differ?<\/h2>\n<p>Sdn Bhd is subject to the private-company conditions in Section 42 of the Companies Act 2016. Those rules include a maximum of 50 shareholders and a restriction on share transfers.<\/p>\n<p>The 50-shareholder figure has statutory counting rules. Joint holders of a share count as one person. Certain current and former employees who became shareholders while employed are excluded from the count under Section 42.<\/p>\n<p>The resident-director requirement also changes with company status. A private company needs at least one director who ordinarily resides in Malaysia by having a principal place of residence there.<\/p>\n<p>A public company needs at least two such directors. Alternate or substitute directors do not count toward the statutory minimum under Section 196.<\/p>\n<p>These rules concern residence rather than citizenship. Separate sector rules can still affect foreign equity, licensing, paid-up capital, or other operating conditions.<\/p>\n<h2>Can a Sdn Bhd Raise Capital From Investors?<\/h2>\n<p>A Sdn Bhd can raise private capital while remaining within the private-company framework. Venture investors, strategic investors, or a parent company can invest without public-company status automatically becoming necessary.<\/p>\n<p>Section 43 controls the boundary. It prohibits a private company from offering shares or debentures to the public and from inviting the public to deposit money with the company.<\/p>\n<p>Section 43(3) also contains statutory situations in which the company does not contravene that section. The facts of an offer therefore matter, especially once fundraising extends beyond a controlled private transaction.<\/p>\n<p>A public company is outside the private-company restrictions in Sections 42 and 43. Any proposed public fundraising still needs to comply with the Companies Act, securities law, Securities Commission requirements, and Bursa requirements where relevant.<\/p>\n<p>A fundraising plan should therefore be reviewed on its own terms. Berhad status alone does not authorise an unrestricted public share offer.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #d5e6e5; border-left: 4px solid #223666; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 24px 0;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 8px 0; color: #223666;\">Notes from InvestinAsia Consultants<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; color: #333;\">Start with the intended cap table and funding route. A company expecting private investors can remain a Sdn Bhd if its ownership and fundraising stay within the applicable private-company and securities-law rules.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How Do Meetings and Governance Differ Between Sdn Bhd and Berhad?<\/h2>\n<p>Private and public companies use different procedures for member decisions. Section 290 allows a private company to pass member resolutions through written resolutions or at meetings.<\/p>\n<p>The written procedure has limits. Section 297 prevents a private company from using a written resolution to remove a director or auditor before the end of that person&#8217;s term.<\/p>\n<p>Public-company member resolutions are passed at meetings. Public companies also fall within the AGM requirements in Section 340.<\/p>\n<p>Section 340 contains timing rules and a first-AGM exception. A public company can avoid holding an AGM in the year of incorporation or the following year if its first AGM is held within the statutory 18-month period.<\/p>\n<p>Public-company governance therefore requires more meeting discipline and calendar management. That burden should be part of the structure decision, especially where no public-capital need exists yet.<\/p>\n<h2>Which Companies Can Claim Audit Exemption in 2026?<\/h2>\n<p>Audit exemption in 2026 can apply to qualifying private companies under SSM Practice Directive No. 10\/2024. Sdn Bhd status by itself does not create an exemption.<\/p>\n<p>For financial periods commencing from 1 January 2026 through 31 December 2026, Phase 2 sets these thresholds:<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Phase 2 criterion<\/th>\n<th>2026 threshold<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual revenue<\/td>\n<td>Not more than RM2 million<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total assets<\/td>\n<td>Not more than RM2 million<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Employees<\/td>\n<td>Not more than 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Directive requires a company to satisfy at least two of the applicable criteria for the relevant periods. The preceding financial years must be assessed using the corresponding phase thresholds prescribed by the Directive.<\/p>\n<p>The exemption also contains exclusions. Public companies, private subsidiaries of public companies, foreign companies, and other excluded categories under the Directive cannot use this private-company audit exemption.<\/p>\n<p>An eligible audit-exempt company still has financial-reporting obligations. It must lodge unaudited financial statements together with the required certificate and comply with the conditions set by SSM.<\/p>\n<p>This makes audit exemption a compliance test rather than a permanent feature of every Sdn Bhd.<\/p>\n<h2>How Much Does Sdn Bhd vs Berhad Cost?<\/h2>\n<p>Sdn Bhd and Berhad can have the same SSM incorporation fee for a company limited by shares. Their annual filing and governance costs can differ after incorporation.<\/p>\n<p>SSM&#8217;s current fee schedule lists the following statutory charges:<\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>SSM filing<\/th>\n<th>Private company<\/th>\n<th>Public company<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Incorporation of a company limited by shares<\/td>\n<td>RM1,000<\/td>\n<td>RM1,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Optional company-name reservation<\/td>\n<td>RM50 per 30 days or part thereof, maximum 180 days<\/td>\n<td>RM50 per 30 days or part thereof, maximum 180 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual return<\/td>\n<td>RM150<\/td>\n<td>RM500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Audited financial statements and reports<\/td>\n<td>RM50<\/td>\n<td>RM200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Non-audited financial statements, when permitted<\/td>\n<td>RM20<\/td>\n<td>Not listed by SSM as a public-company filing option<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Notice of conversion between private and public status<\/td>\n<td>RM500<\/td>\n<td>RM500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>These figures are SSM statutory fees. They do not represent the full cost of a corporate secretary, registered office, accounting, tax compliance, audit work, banking preparation, licences, or public-capital advice.<\/p>\n<p>Professional setup fees should therefore be budgeted separately. Within our group, the current Malaysia Sdn Bhd setup page lists an <strong>Essential Package at USD 2,794<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The published Essential scope includes incorporation, one year of corporate-secretarial support and SST registration support where applicable, one year of virtual-office service, and banking assistance.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Complete Package is USD 5,331<\/strong>. Its published scope adds one year of accounting and tax-filing support for up to 300 transactions per year.<\/p>\n<p>Those package prices apply to the published Sdn Bhd service scope. A Berhad setup needs separate scoping because its governance, reporting, ownership, and fundraising requirements can differ.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #d5e6e5; border: 2px solid #223666; border-radius: 8px; padding: 20px 24px; margin: 32px 0; text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #223666; text-align: center;\">Need a Malaysia setup budget that separates government and professional fees?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 16px 0; color: #333; text-align: center;\">Check the setup scope against your ownership, compliance, and operating needs.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #223666; color: #fff; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/my\/\">See Malaysia Company Setup Services<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #25D366; color: #fff; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/6285286124490?text=Hello%21%20I%20would%20like%20a%20cost%20breakdown%20for%20setting%20up%20a%20company%20in%20Malaysia.%0A%0ASource%3A%20article%20%22Berhad%20vs%20Sdn%20Bhd%20in%20Malaysia%3A%20Which%20Company%20Structure%20Fits%3F%22%20%28SEO%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Request a Cost Breakdown<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Can a Sdn Bhd Convert Into a Berhad Later?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes. Section 41 of the Companies Act 2016 provides a route for a private company to convert into a public company.<\/p>\n<p>Conversion requires more than a filing fee. Section 41 requires the company to pass a special resolution and lodge the prescribed conversion documents with the Registrar.<\/p>\n<p>For conversion from private to public status, the statutory lodgements include the notice of conversion, a statement in lieu of prospectus, and the required statutory declaration.<\/p>\n<p>SSM currently charges RM500 for a notice of conversion between private and public company status.<\/p>\n<p>A company preparing for conversion should also review its board composition, constitution, shareholder arrangements, financial reporting, governance procedures, and planned fundraising route before filing.<\/p>\n<p>This conversion mechanism gives a privately held business room to start as Sdn Bhd and move to public-company status once its capital strategy calls for it.<\/p>\n<h2>What Happens If You Choose the Wrong Company Status?<\/h2>\n<p>A company-status mismatch can create legal or operational friction once the ownership and fundraising plan starts to diverge from the structure selected at incorporation.<\/p>\n<p>A Sdn Bhd must continue to satisfy the conditions attached to private-company status. Changes to its shareholder base or a proposed offer involving the public can require legal review before the transaction proceeds.<\/p>\n<p>Section 43 also attaches statutory consequences to prohibited public fundraising by a private company. An offer should therefore be reviewed before it is circulated beyond a controlled private transaction.<\/p>\n<p>Choosing Berhad before the business needs public-company status creates a different cost profile. The company must support public-company governance, at least two qualifying resident directors, AGMs, audited reporting, and higher SSM annual filing charges.<\/p>\n<p>The better decision follows the company&#8217;s expected ownership and capital path over the next stage of growth. Company size alone gives little guidance.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #d5e6e5; border-left: 4px solid #223666; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 24px 0;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin: 0 0 8px 0; color: #223666;\">Notes from InvestinAsia Consultants<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; color: #333;\">A planned IPO several years away does not by itself require a business to carry public-company administration from day one. Map the funding milestones first, then decide when conversion becomes commercially useful.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Which Structure Should a Foreign Investor Choose?<\/h2>\n<p>For many privately held market-entry projects, Sdn Bhd can be the more proportionate structure. This is a practical assessment rather than a statutory rule, and the answer changes with the ownership and funding plan.<\/p>\n<h3>When Does Sdn Bhd Fit the Business?<\/h3>\n<p>Sdn Bhd can fit a foreign investor whose company will remain privately held, stay within the private-company shareholder rules, and raise capital through private transactions.<\/p>\n<p>It can also suit a group establishing a Malaysian operating subsidiary without a present need for public-company status.<\/p>\n<p>Sector requirements still need a separate check. A Sdn Bhd label does not settle questions about licences, foreign-equity conditions, paid-up capital, premises, or other regulated operating requirements.<\/p>\n<h3>When Does Berhad Become Relevant?<\/h3>\n<p>Berhad becomes relevant where the business has a defined need for public-company status, a shareholder structure that no longer fits private-company conditions, or a regulated public-capital strategy.<\/p>\n<p>A company considering an eventual listing should assess Berhad status as one part of a wider capital-market plan. Public-company conversion and Bursa admission are separate processes.<\/p>\n<p>Some foreign businesses also need to decide whether a locally incorporated company is the right market-entry form at all. Our guide to a <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/branch-office-vs-subsidiary-company-in-malaysia\/\">branch office versus subsidiary in Malaysia<\/a> covers that earlier decision.<\/p>\n<p>Founder-led businesses can also compare a company with a <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/llp-in-malaysia-guide\/\">Malaysian LLP<\/a> before committing to a company limited by shares.<\/p>\n<p>Choosing the company label is only one part of Malaysia market entry. Sector licences and the ownership plan can change the final setup scope.<\/p>\n<p>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/my\/\">Malaysia market entry and company setup service<\/a> can review the proposed structure alongside incorporation, corporate-secretarial support, business address needs, and banking preparation.<\/p>\n<h2>What Should You Check Before Registering the Company?<\/h2>\n<p>A final structure check should connect the legal status to the way the business expects to operate and raise capital.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Map the shareholder plan.<\/strong> Identify founders, parent companies, investors, joint holders, and the likely size of the future cap table.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Define the fundraising route.<\/strong> Separate private investment from any planned offer that could fall within public-offer or securities rules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confirm director capacity.<\/strong> Check whether the required number of directors who ordinarily reside in Malaysia will be maintained.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Review sector requirements.<\/strong> Check licences and foreign-investment conditions that arise from the business activity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Budget for the annual structure.<\/strong> Include company-secretarial work, financial reporting, audit exposure, meetings, statutory filings, and tax compliance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>After choosing the company status, use our separate guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/how-to-register-a-company-in-malaysia\/\">Malaysia company registration process<\/a> for the incorporation steps.<\/p>\n<p>It is also worth reviewing the <a href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/blog\/common-mistakes-when-setting-up-a-business-in-malaysia\/\">common Malaysia company setup mistakes<\/a> before filing. That keeps entity selection, registration, and operational readiness as separate decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Sdn Bhd fits many privately held Malaysian businesses because its ownership and governance model is designed for private companies. Berhad fits businesses that have a defined reason to operate under the public-company framework.<\/p>\n<p>The conversion route under Section 41 also means a business can reassess that status as its ownership and capital strategy develops.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #223666; border-radius: 8px; padding: 24px; margin: 32px 0; text-align: center;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 6px 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color: #fff; text-align: center;\">Planning to establish or restructure a company in Malaysia?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 20px 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75); font-size: 14px; text-align: center;\">Match the legal structure to your ownership, funding, and compliance requirements before filing.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #fff; color: #223666; padding: 12px 32px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/investinasia.com\/my\/\">Plan Your Malaysia Company Setup<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"height: 15px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"background: #25D366; color: #fff; padding: 12px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/6285286124490?text=Hello%21%20I%20would%20like%20to%20discuss%20the%20right%20company%20structure%20for%20my%20Malaysia%20business.%0A%0ASource%3A%20article%20%22Berhad%20vs%20Sdn%20Bhd%20in%20Malaysia%3A%20Which%20Company%20Structure%20Fits%3F%22%20%28SEO%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Talk to Our Malaysia Team<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto;\">\n<section><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Companies Commission of Malaysia. (2016). <em>Companies Act 2016 (Act 777)<\/em>. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.ssm.com.my\/acts\/aktaBI_20160915_CompaniesAct2016Act777.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Companies Commission of Malaysia. (n.d.). <em>Incorporation of Company under the Companies Act 2016<\/em>. Accessed September 11, 2026. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.ssm.com.my\/Pages\/Register_Business_Company_LLP\/Company\/Starting_Company.aspx<\/li>\n<li>Companies Commission of Malaysia. (n.d.). <em>Table of Fees<\/em>. Accessed September 11, 2026. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.ssm.com.my\/Pages\/Services\/Registration-of-Company-%28ROC%29\/Table-of-Fees.aspx<\/li>\n<li>Companies Commission of Malaysia. (2024). <em>Practice Directive No. 10\/2024: Qualifying Criteria for Audit Exemption for Certain Categories of Private Companies in Malaysia<\/em>. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.ssm.com.my\/Pages\/Legal_Framework\/Document\/PD10-2024-Qualifying-Criteria-for-Audit-Exemption-for-Certain-Categories-of-Private-Companies.pdf<\/li>\n<li>Companies Commission of Malaysia. (n.d.). <em>Companies (Amendment) Act 2024<\/em>. Accessed September 11, 2026. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.ssm.com.my\/Pages\/Legal_Framework\/Companies-Act-2024.aspx<\/li>\n<li>Securities Commission Malaysia. (2025). <em>Guidelines on Offer of Shares by Unlisted Public Companies (SC-GL\/2-2025)<\/em>. Effective March 28, 2025. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.sc.com.my\/regulation\/guidelines\/upc<\/li>\n<li>vOffice, part of the InvestinAsia group. (n.d.). <em>Malaysia Company Registration Service (Sdn. Bhd.)<\/em>. Accessed September 11, 2026. Retrieved from<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/voffice.co.id\/en\/services\/company-registration-malaysia<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"ItemList\",\n  \"name\": \"Berhad vs Sdn Bhd in Malaysia\",\n  \"numberOfItems\": 2,\n  \"itemListElement\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n      \"position\": 1,\n      \"item\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n        \"name\": \"Sdn Bhd\",\n        \"description\": \"A Malaysian private company subject to the private-company shareholder, share-transfer, governance, and fundraising rules in the Companies Act 2016.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n      \"position\": 2,\n      \"item\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Thing\",\n        \"name\": \"Berhad\",\n        \"description\": \"A Malaysian public company that may be listed or unlisted and is subject to public-company governance and reporting requirements.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Berhad vs Sdn Bhd in Malaysia is a comparison between a public company and a private company under the Companies Act 2016. 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